Many older commercial and residential buildings in Ontario use steam heating, while most newer construction uses hot water (hydronic) systems. Knowing which you have affects how you maintain it and what upgrades are possible.
Identifying Your System
- Steam: single pipe at radiators, steam traps, no circulating pumps, operating pressure typically 2-5 PSI
- Hot water: two pipes at each radiator or fan coil, circulating pumps, expansion tank, typically 12-15 PSI
Steam Boiler Maintenance Specifics
- Low water cutoff: must be cleaned and tested annually
- Steam traps: inspect and replace failed traps — a stuck-open trap wastes enormous amounts of energy
- Boiler blowdown: remove accumulated sediment from bottom of boiler
- Gauge glass: inspect for leaks and clarity
Converting from Steam to Hot Water
Conversion is possible but involves replacing steam traps, radiator vents, and the boiler itself. The economics can be favorable for older buildings with frequent steam system problems.